When the British Raj was replaced in 1947 by the two nation-states of India and Pakistan, the division between the two was largely based on
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Chandigarh Chandigarh, the joint capital of Punjab and Haryana and the country’s first planned metropolis, is one of Punjab’s top tourist destinations. You will adore
Mir Wais Hotak of Kandahar founded the Hotak dynasty (1709–1738), which broke away from the Iranian Safavids. Ghilzai Pashtun tribal leader Hotak ruled over his
MOVEMENT OF NAMDHARI Ram Singh established the Namdhari organization to promote freedom for the entire country of India by opposing the occasionally repressive British presence
THE HARIMANDIR SAHIB (GOLDEN TEMPLE) The Harimandir Sahib, also known as the Golden Temple, is a building in Amritsar, Punjab, that seems to be universally
Khalsa, (Punjabi: the Pure) the reconstituted and purified Sikh community instituted by Guru Gobind Singh on March 30, 1699 (Baisakhi Day; Khalsa Sikhs celebrated the
Nirankari, (Punjabi: Followers of the Formless One—i.e., Almighty) religious reform movement within Sikhism. The Nirankari movement was established by Dayal Das (died 1855), who belong
Satsaṅg, in Sikhism, the assembly of true believers, a practice that dates back to the foremost Gurū of the religion, Nānak. While not unique to
Singh Sabha, (Punjabi: Society of the Singhs) 19th-century movement within Sikhism that started as a defense against the proselytize activities of Hindus and Christians. Its
Rahit-nama, (Punjabi: manual of conduct) in Sikhism, sets of guidelines that governing the behaviour of Sikhs. The rahit-namas offer systematic statements of the principles of